Career Descriptions

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• Autopsy Assistant, GS-625

  Job Summary:

  Autopsy assistants provide technical assistance and related services to pathologists or physicians during autopsies and inquests. In addition to performing technical procedures, autopsy assistants typically perform related clerical work and a variety of other duties necessary to maintain the autopsy area and equipment.

  The autopsy assistant assists the prosector (pathologist or physician who conducts the autopsy) in the examination by performing technical procedures as directed, providing tools, equipment, solutions, etc., when needed, preparing the body prior to and following the autopsy and disposing of organs and tissues as directed.
  
  Education and licensure:

  A high school diploma or equivalent (GED) is required. An associate degree in histology, cytology, gross anatomy and physiology or a related science is preferred.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: healthcaresource.com

• Audiologist and Speech Pathologist, GS-665*

  Job Summary:

  Audiologists work with people who have hearing, balance and related ear problems. They examine individuals of all ages and identify those with the symptoms of hearing loss and other auditory, balance and related sensory and neural problems. Using audiometers, computers and other testing devices, they measure the loudness at which a person begins to hear sounds, the ability to distinguish between sounds and the impact of hearing loss on an individual’s daily life. They, then, assess the nature and extent of problems and help individuals manage them.

  Education and licensure:

  Individuals must have at least a master’s degree in audiology to qualify for a job. They also must be licensed by the state in which they are working.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to an Audiology Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Chiropractor, GS-601*

  Job Summary:

  Chiropractors treat patients with musculoskeletal system health problems as well as the effects of those problems on the nervous system and general health. Many chiropractic treatments deal specifically with anipulation of the spine. Chiropractic medicine is based on the principle that spinal joint misalignments interfere with the nervous system and can result in lower resistance to disease and many different conditions of diminished health. The chiropractic approach to health care stresses the patient’s overall health.

  Some chiropractors specialize in sports injuries, neurology, orthopedics, pediatrics, nutrition, internal disorders or diagnostic imaging.

  Education and licensure:

  Chiropractors must be licensed, which requires two to four years of undergraduate education, completion of a four-year chiropractic college course and passing scores on national and state examinations.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Chiropractor Fact Sheet.

  Click Here 

  Source: Boreau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition

   

   

• Dental Assistant, GS-681

  Job Summary:

  Dental assistants work closely with and under the supervision of dentists. Assistants perform a variety of patient care, office and laboratory duties. Dental assistants should not be confused with dental hygienists, who are licensed to perform different clinical tasks. Dental assistants sterilize and disinfect instruments and equipment, prepare and lay out the instruments and materials required to treat each patient and obtain patients’ dental records. Assistants make patients as comfortable as possible in the dental chair and prepare them for treatment. During dental procedures, assistants work alongside the dentist to provide assistance. They hand instruments and materials to dentists and keep patients’ mouths dry and clear by using suction or other devices. They also instruct patients on postoperative and general oral health care. Dental assistants may prepare materials for impressions and restorations, take dental X- rays and process X-ray film as directed by a dentist. They also may remove sutures, apply topical anesthetics to gums or cavity-preventive agents to teeth, remove excess cement used in the filling process and place rubber dams on the teeth to isolate them for individual treatment.

  Education and licensure:

  Most positions require dental assistants to complete a one-tothree year certificate program. All dental assistant programs require applicants to have a high school diploma. Most programs take one year or less to complete and lead to a certificate or diploma. Some states require licensure or registration, which may include passing a written or practical examination. Certification is available through the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) and is recognized or required in more than 30 states. Certification acknowledges an assistant’s qualifications and professional competence and may be an asset to employment.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Dental Assistant Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Dental Hygienist, GS-682*

  Job Summary:

  Dental hygienists remove soft and hard deposits from teeth, teach patients how to practice good oral hygiene and provide other preventive dental care. They examine patients’ teeth and gums, recording the presence of diseases or abnormalities. Dental hygienists also help patients develop and maintain good oral health. For example, they may explain the relationship between diet and oral health or inform patients how to select appropriate toothbrushes and show them how to properly brush and floss their teeth.

  Education and licensure:

  Dental hygiene jobs generally require a combination of dental hygiene classes plus four years of relevant experience. However, one year of experience as a licensed dental hygienist is often acceptable as well. To gain admission to a dental hygiene program, a high school diploma and college entrance test scores are usually required; some dental hygiene programs require applicants to complete at least one year of college. Specific entrance requirements vary from one school to another. Dental hygienists must be licensed by the state in which they practice. Nearly all states require candidates to graduate from an accredited dental hygiene school and pass both a written and clinical examination.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Dental Hygienist Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Dentist, GS-680*

  Job Summary:

  Dentists diagnose and treat problems with teeth and tissues in the mouth, in addition to providing advice and preventative care. They provide instruction on diet, brushing, flossing, use of fluorides and other aspects of dental care. They remove tooth decay, fill cavities, examine X-rays, place protective plastic sealants on childrens’ teeth, straighten teeth and repair fractured teeth. They also perform corrective surgery on gums and supporting bones to treat gum diseases. Dentists extract teeth and make models and measurements for dentures to replace missing teeth. They also administer anesthetics and write prescriptions for antibiotics and other medications.

  Education and licensure:

  Dental schools require a minimum of two years of college-level pre-dental education prior to admittance. Most dental students have at least a bachelor’s degree prior to dental school acceptance, although a few applicants are accepted after only two or three years of college and complete their bachelor’s degree while attending dental school. All dental schools require applicants to take the Dental Admissions Test (DAT). Dental school usually lasts four academic years. Licensing is also required to practice as a dentist. In most states, licensure requires written and practical examinations, in addition to a degree from an accredited dental school.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Dentist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Diagnostic Radiologic Technologist, GS-647

  Job Summary:

  Radiologic technologists take X-rays and administer non-radioactive materials into patients’ bloodstreams for diagnostic purposes. Radiologic technologists, also referred to as radiographers, produce X-ray films (radiographs) of parts of the human body for use in diagnosing medical problems. They prepare patients for radiologic examinations by explaining the procedure, removing jewelry and other articles through which X-rays cannot pass and positioning patients so that parts of the body can be appropriately radiographed.

  In addition to preparing patients and operating equipment, radiologic technologists keep patient records and adjust and maintain equipment. They also may prepare work schedules, evaluate equipment purchases or manage a radiology department.

  Education and licensure:

  Preparation for this profession is offered in hospitals, colleges and universities, and less frequently at vocational-technical institutes. Formal training programs in radiography range in length from one to four years and lead to a certificate, associate degree or bachelor’s degree in the field. Some states require a licensure for practicing radiologic technologists and technicians.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Radiologic Technologist/Technician Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Dietitian and Nutritionist, GS-630*

  Job Summary:

  Dietitians and nutritionists plan food and nutrition programs, supervise meal preparation and oversee meals service. They prevent and treat illnesses by promoting healthy eating habits and recommending dietary modifications. For example, dietitians might teach a patient with high blood pressure how to use less salt when preparing meals or create a diet reduced in fat and sugar for an overweight patient. Dietitians manage food service systems for institutions such as hospitals and schools, promote sound eating habits through education and conduct research. Many dietitians specialize and become a clinical dietitian, community dietitian, management dietitian or consultant.

  Education and licensure:

  Becoming a dietitian or nutritionist usually requires at least a bachelor’s degree in dietetics, foods and nutrition, food service systems management or a related area. Of the 48 states and jurisdictions with laws governing dietetics, 35 require licensure, 12 require statutory certification and one requires registration. Requirements vary by state. In states that require licensure, only people who are licensed can work as dietitians and nutritionists.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Dietitian Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Educational Therapist, GS-639

  Job Summary:

  Educational therapists help children and adults overcome learning problems. They evaluate the learning ability or educational level of patients using educational tests and measurements. Educational therapists create a treatment plan that uses information from a variety of sources, including the student’s social, emotional, psychoeducational and neuropsychological context. Educational therapists activities are directed toward achieving therapeutic objectives, such as diminishing emotional stress, providing a sense of achievement and channeling energies into acceptable forms of behavior. Educational therapists also treat patients who, as the result of injury or disease, have lost the ability to comprehend, write or speak.

  Education and licensure:

  Most educational therapists have a background in education and training or experience in education therapy. A bachelor’s degree is required, and additional training is preferred, such as a master’s degree, or equivalent.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: Association of Educational Therapists

• Health Aid and Technician, GS-640

  Job Summary:

  These job categories include positions involving nonprofessional work of a technical, specialized or support nature in the field of health or medicine when the work is of such generalized, specialized or miscellaneous nature that there is no other more appropriate title. Health aid refers to a junior position and health technician a more senior position. These categories are a "catchall" for nonprofessional positions in health and medical work. Thus, theycover positions that involve a combination of two or more technical functions in the medical, hospital, dental and public health groups or positions involving work which is so new, unique or miscellaneous that it is not classified in any other technician position.

  Education and licensure:

  Education requirements vary. In general, one or more years of specialized experience with the knowledge, skills and abilities to perform the duties of the position is required.  Alternatively, successful completion of a four-year course of study resulting in a bachelor’s degree, with at least 24 semester hours in subjects directly related to the position also qualifies.  An equivalent combination of successful post-high school education and experience is also sufficient.  

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: USAjobs.gov

• Industrial Hygienist, GS-690*

  Job Summary:

  Industrial hygiene is a profession within a broad field of occupational health and safety. It is concerned with recognizing, evaluating and controlling environmental conditions or stresses arising from the workplace that may cause sickness, impaired health, significant discomfort or inefficiency. As summarized by the American Industrial Hygiene Association, industrial hygiene "brings together a variety of scientific disciplines to prevent, eliminate or reduce chemical, physical and biological risks to the well-being of all." Generally, these disciplines are physiology, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine and biochemistry. These specialties, augmented by special applications in the workplace, allow the industrial hygienist to perform many important functions, such as anticipating health hazards and recommending preventive measures, identifying existing health hazards and prescribing controls, and evaluating, studying and reporting findings to establish new standards and increase professional knowledge.

  After predicting or finding a threat to the well-being of people, the industrial hygienist has the challenging task of taking corrective measures that may include: isolating a process or operation to limit the number of persons exposed, enclosing harmful material to reduce or eliminate its escape to other areas, substituting less harmful materials or processes, altering the process to reduce or eliminate human exposure, ventilating and cleaning air to improve the atmosphere, recommending protective clothing and respiratory equipment, implementing sanitary safeguards to prevent the spread of disease and implementing medical controls.

  Education and licensure:

  Generally requires a bachelor's degree in industrial hygiene, engineering, physical science, life science or a similar field, but sometimes a combination of 30 hours of course work, plus appropriate qualifying experience, is accepted.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Federal Classifications
  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: American Industrial Hygiene Association pamphlet entitled "Industrial Hygiene, the key to occupational health"

• Kinesiotherapy, GS-635

  Job Summary:

  Kinesiotherapists develop and monitor exercise programs to help people regain muscle strength and function loss due to injury or disease. Some kinesiotherapists focus on specific types of patients or conditions, such as people recovering from injuries or those with degenerative musculoskeletal disease. They guide patients through therapeutic exercises, aquatic therapy, learning to walk, using prosthetics/orthotics and developing a lifelong exercise regimen.

  Kinesiotherapists evaluate patients for muscle strength, endurance, coordination and balance. Kinesiotherapists use equipment, such as weights and pulleys, parallel bars, exercycles, and therapeutic pools. They treat patients on an individual basis if the objective of treatment is one of strength development or muscle and limb coordination for a specific physical disability. They administer treatment to groups of patients in the ward, clinic or other area when the objective of treatment is resocialization, general health maintenance or reconditioning. They devise or adapt equipment to enable patients to participate in treatment or maintain a level of achievement.

  Education and licensure:

  A four-year bachelor’s degree in exercise science, kinesiology, human performance or another approved major is required. In addition to classroom study, students typically perform 1,000 hours of clinical work under the supervision of a Registered Kinesiotherapist (RKT).

  Source: ExploreHealthCareers.org

• Manual Arts Therapist, GS-637

  Job Summary:

  Manual arts therapists evaluate and treat patients using techniques of vocational or industrial arts education. They devise projects and equipment to maintain or improve patients’ skills and promote recovery. Therapists evaluate the capabilities of patients through graded vocational activities in woodworking, metalworking, electricity, graphics and applied arts. They determine the patient’s interests and plan treatment based upon knowledge of the pathology of the patient’s illness or disability and the therapeutic value of specific activities.

  Education and licensure:

  A bachelor’s degree in vocational rehabilitation, manual arts therapy or industrial arts and a clinical training program are the minimum qualifications.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: U.S. Office of Personnel Management

• Medical Instrument Technician, GS-649

  Job Summary:

  Medical instrument technicians perform procedures and examinations on patients as a clinical or research service to physicians. The service relates to the treatment of particular patients or providing the physician with technical information used to diagnose and treat diseases in patients.

  Technician work follows this basic pattern: receive request for procedure or treatment; interpret the physician’s instructions; secure the cooperation of patient; position the patient; connect the patient to the equipment; and set controls and operate the equipment to get test or treatment results. Medical instrument technicians also clean and sterilize instruments and conduct routine maintenance and adjustment checks.

  Education and licensure:

  Prior experience required. A bachelor’s degree is preferred.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: USAjobs.gov

• Medical Records Administrator, GS-669

  Job Summary:

  Medical records administrators manage medical records administration programs to meet statutory and regulatory requirements. Administrative aspects of the work require an understanding of statistics, data processing, budgeting, contracting, procurement, personnel and property management.

  They act as consultants on medical records systems and programs at headquarters or other echelons above the level of the individual medical or research facility. They organize and direct medical records programs for several medical facilities within a geographical area or direct the medical records program for all medical facilities within an agency.

  Education and licensure:

  Three years of experience in the field of medical records or an associate degree in the health information field, plus one year of experience is required. Alternatively, a bachelor’s degree or some combination of education and experience may qualify.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: USAjobs.gov

• Medical Supply Aide and Technician, GS-622

  Job Summary:

  Medical supply aides and technicians provide wards, clinics, operating rooms and other hospital facilities with medical supplies, instruments, sets and equipment. They clean, package, assemble, sterilize and distribute supply items used for patient care.

  Education and licensure:

  To qualify for a junior-level position, some positions require a minimum of six months of general experience gaining familiarity with the subject matter and an additional six months of specialized experience. Examples of specialized experience include work as an operating room technician, medical instrument technician, nursing assistant, corpsman or laboratory worker. Alternatively, two years of successful post-high school education, with at least 12 semester hours in medical supply processing, storage and distribution, sterile supplies, operating room, surgical technician or other fields related to this occupation, also qualifies for a junior-level position. Qualifying at a more senior level requires one year of specialized experience or four years of successful post-high school education with courses related to this occupation.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: Department of Veterans Affairs
  Source: USAjobs.gov

• Medical Technical Assistant, GS-650

  Job Summary:

  (Positions included in this series are presently found only in the federal penal and correctional institutions operated by the Bureau of Prisons.) Medical technical assistants perform work that is auxiliary to the work of the medical and dental officers. This position has responsibility for custody, discipline and training inmate patients and workers.

  Medical technical assistants play an important role in maintaining continuity of medical service in penal institutions. Assistants help to orient newly assigned physicians to the peculiarities of medical service provided by penal institutions.

  Education and licensure:

  This position requires practical knowledge and skill in procedures, methods and techniques, but it does not require formal training equivalent to completion of full professional training in nursing or other professional fields.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards

• Medical Lab Technician, GS-645

  Job Summary:

  Medical technicians perform less complex tests and laboratory procedures than medical technologists. Technicians may prepare specimens and operate automated analyzers, for example, or they may perform manual tests in accordance with detailed instructions. They usually work under the supervision of medical and clinical laboratory technologists or laboratory managers. Like technologists, medical technicians may work in several areas of the clinical laboratory or specialize in just one. Phlebotomists collect blood samples, for example, and histotechnicians cut and stain tissue specimens for pathologist’s microscopic examinations.

  In addition to performing laboratory tests, technicians also store and label plasma; clean and sterilize equipment, glassware, and instruments; prepare solutions following standard formulas and procedures; keep records of tests; identify specimens; and write reports on test results.

  Education and licensure:

  Medical and clinical laboratory technicians generally have either an associate degree from a community or junior college or a certificate from a hospital, vocational or technical school or the Armed Forces. A few technicians learn their skills on the job.

  Some states require laboratory personnel to be licensed or registered. Technologist licensure often requires a bachelor’s degree and passed exam, but requirements vary by state and specialty.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Medical Technician Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Medical Lab Technologist, GS-644

  Job Summary:

  Most medical technologists produce test results for physicians to use to diagnose and manage disease. Medical technology includes work in such areas as hematology, bacteriology, mycology, virology, parasitology, immunology, serology, immunohematology (blood banking), clinical chemistry (including endocrinology and toxicology) and urinalysis, as they relate to clinical laboratory practice.

  Education and licensure:

  The usual requirement for an entry-level position as a medical technologist is a bachelor’s degree with a major in medical technology or one of the life sciences. It is possible, however, to qualify for some jobs with a combination of education and on-the-job and specialized training.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Medical Technologist Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Nurse (RN), GS-610**

  Job Summary:

  Registered nurses (RNs), regardless of specialty or work setting, treat and educate patients and the public about various medical conditions and provide advice and emotional support to patients’ family members. RNs record patients’ medical histories and symptoms, help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results, operate medical machinery, administer treatment and medications and help with patient follow-up and rehabilitation. Activities may include such things as administering medication, including carefully checking dosages and avoiding interactions; starting, maintaining, and discontinuing intravenous (IV) lines for fluid, medication, blood and blood products; administering therapies and treatments; observing the patient and recording those observations; and consulting with physicians and other health care clinicians.

  Education and licensure:

  There are three major educational paths to registered nursing — a bachelor’s of science degree in nursing (BSN), an associate degree in nursing (ADN) and a diploma. BSN programs, offered by colleges and universities, take about four years to complete. ADN programs, offered by community and junior colleges, take about two to three years to complete. Diploma programs, administered in hospitals, last about three years. Generally, licensed graduates of any of the three types of educational programs qualify for entry-level positions. In all states, students must graduate from an approved nursing program and pass a national licensing examination, known as the NCLEX-RN, in order to obtain a nursing license.

  Note: Some positions will consider applicants that have not followed an educational path but who have related specific health experience and are licensed.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Nurse Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition
   

   

• Nursing Assistant, GS-621*

  Job Summary:

  Certified nursing assistants (CNAs), also known as nurse’s aides, orderlies, patient care technicians and home health aides, work under the supervision of a nurse to assist patients with daily living tasks. Working closely with patients, CNAs are responsible for basic care services such as bathing, grooming and feeding patients, assisting nurses with medical equipment and checking patient vital signs. CNAs give patients important social and emotional support and also provide vital information on patient conditions to nurses.

  Education and licensure:

  Some positions do not require education or certification. However, some applicants choose to become certified nurse assistants (CNAs). In addition to a high school diploma or GED, CNAs need to complete a six to12 week CNA certificate program at a community college or medical facility. Regulations vary from state to state, but most CNA programs offer a certification exam. The National Association for Home Care offers national certification for home health aides.

  Source: allalliedhealthschools.com
  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards

• Occupational Therapist, GS-631*

  Job Summary:

  Occupational therapists help patients improve their ability to perform tasks in living and working environments. They work with individuals who suffer from a mentally, physically, developmentally or emotionally disabling condition. Occupational therapists use treatments to develop, recover or maintain the daily living and work skills of their patients. The therapist helps clients to not only improve their basic motor functions and reasoning abilities, but also compensate for permanent loss of function. The goal is to help clients have independent, productive and satisfying lives.

  Occupational therapists help clients perform all types of activities, from using a computer to caring for daily needs such as dressing, cooking and eating. Physical exercises may be used to increase strength and dexterity, while other activities may improve visual acuity or the ability to discern patterns. For example, a client with short-term memory loss might be encouraged to make lists to aid recall, and a person with coordination problems might be assigned exercises to improve hand-eye coordination. Occupational therapists also use computer programs to help clients improve decision-making, abstract-reasoning, problem-solving and perceptual skills, as well as memory, sequencing and coordination — all of which are important for independent living.

  Education and licensure:

  Positions generally require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree from a program approved by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) or the American Occupational Therapy Association. All states regulate the practice of occupational therapy. To obtain a license, applicants must graduate from an accredited educational program and pass a national certification exam.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to an Occupational Therapist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

   

• Orthotist and Prosthetist, GS-667*

  Job Summary:

  Orthotists and prosthetists assist patients with disabling limb or spine conditions or with partial or total absence of a limb by fitting and preparing orthopedic braces and prostheses. Many orthotists and prosthetists in the military work with returning wounded soldiers.

  Education and licensure:

  For technician positions, an applicant may have as little as one year of closely-related experience. To perform the full range of orthotist or prosthetist duties, a bachelor’s degree is generally required, but three years of relevant experience will sometimes be accepted. Candidates may obtain a bachelor’s degree in orthotics and prosthetics or a bachelor’s degree in something else, supplemented by a master’s degree in orthotics and prosthetics. Once formal education is completed, a residency and certification exam are required.

  Source: American Academy of Orthetists and Prosthetists
  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards

• Optometrist, GS-662*

  Job Summary:

  Optometrists are the main vision care providers. They examine eyes to diagnose vision problems, such as nearsightedness and farsightedness, and they test patients' depth and color perception and ability to focus and coordinate their eyes. Optometrists may prescibe eyeglasses or contact lenses, or they may prescribe or provide other treatments, such as vision therapy or low-vision rehabilitation.

  Optometrists also test for glucoma and other eye diseases and diagnose conditions caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure, referring patients to other health practitioners as needed. They admintster drugs to patients to diagnose vision problems and treat eye diseases. Optometrists often provide preoperative and postoperative care to cataract patients, as well as other eye surgery.

  Education and licensure:

  Optometrists need a doctor of optometry degree, which requires a backelor's degree and a four-year program at an accredited optometry school.

  Applicants must take the Optometry Admissions Test. All states and the District of Columbia require that optometrists be licensed. Applications for a license must have a doctor of optometry degree from an accredited optometry school and must pass both a written national board examination and a national, regional, or state clinical examination. Many states also require applicants to pass an examination on relevant state laws.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, clik on the following link to an Optemetrist Fact Sheet.

  Click Here

  Source: Boreau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Pathology Technician, GS-646

  Job Summary:

  The pathology technician’s duties involve technical work for pathologists or other physicians who make final diagnostic examinations of specimens of human tissues and cell preparations. Technician work in histopathology involves preparing thin sections of tissue specimens, including fixing, clearing, infiltrating, embedding, sectioning, staining and amounting. Technician work in cytology involves preparing, staining and examining microscopically specimens of body fluids, secretions and exudations from any part of the body to determine whether cellular structure is normal, atypical or abnormal. These positions require a practical knowledge of the techniques foranatomical laboratory practice in histopathology and/or cytology and of the chemistry, biology and anatomy.

  Education and licensure:

  An associate degree or equivalent (minimum two years of college courses) is required. Experience in a similar role is preferred, with a demonstrated proficiency to perform laboratory and computer functions . 

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: Healthcaresource.com

• Pharmacist, GS-660*

  Job Summary:

  Pharmacists distribute prescription drugs to individuals. They also advise their patients, as well as physicians and other health practitioners, on the selection, dosages, interactions and side effects of medications. Pharmacists monitor the health and progress of patients to ensure the safe and effective use of medication. Compounding — the actual mixing of ingredients to form medications — is a small part of a pharmacist’s practice because most medicines are produced by pharmaceutical companies in a standard dosage and drug delivery form. Most pharmacists work in a community setting, such as a retail drugstore, or in a health care facility, such as a hospital, nursing home, mental health institution or neighborhood health clinic.

  Education and licensure:

  Pharmacists must earn a Pharm.D. degree from an accredited college or school of pharmacy. To be admitted to a Pharm.D. program, an applicant must have completed at least two years of postsecondary study, although most applicants have completed three or more years. About 70 percent of Pharm.D. programs require applicants to take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT). A license to practice pharmacy is required in all states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories. To obtain a license, a prospective pharmacist must graduate from a college of pharmacy that is accredited by the ACPE and pass a series of examinations.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Pharmacist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Pharmacy Technician, GS-661

  Job Summary:

  Pharmacy technicians help licensed pharmacists provide medication and other health care products to patients. Technicians usually perform routine tasks to help prepare prescribed medication, such as counting tablets and labeling bottles. They also perform administrative duties, such as answering phones, stocking shelves and operating cash registers. Technicians may establish and maintain patient profiles, prepare insurance claim forms and stock and take inventory of prescription and over-the-counter medications.

  Education and licensure:

  Most pharmacy technicians receive informal on-the-job training, though employers may favor those who have completed formal training and certification. There are currently few state and no federal requirements for formal training or certification of pharmacy technicians.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Pharmacy Technician Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Physical Therapist, GS-633*

  Job Summary:

  Physical therapists provide services that help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or disease. They restore, maintain and promote overall fitness and health. Their patients include accident victims and individuals with disabling conditions such as low-back pain, arthritis, heart disease, fractures, head injuries and cerebral palsy. Therapists examine patients’ medical histories and then test and measure patients’ strength, range of motion, balance and coordination, posture, muscle performance, respiration, and motor functions. Next, physical therapists develop plans describing a treatment strategies and anticipated outcomes. Treatment often includes exercise, especially for patients who have been immobilized or who lack flexibility, strength or endurance. Physical therapists encourage patients to use their muscles to increase flexibility and range of motion. More advanced exercises focus on improving strength, balance, coordination and endurance. The goal is to improve how an individual functions at work and at home.

  Education and licensure:

  Accredited physical therapy programs only offer master’s degree or doctoral programs. The master’s degree programs typically last two years, and doctoral degree programs last three years. All states regulate the practice of physical therapy. Typical licensure requirements are graduation from an accredited physical therapist education program and passing scores on national and state licensure exams. Specific eligibility requirements vary by state.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Physical Therapist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Physician Assistant, GS-603*

  Job Summary:

  Physician assistants (PAs) practice medicine under the supervision of physicians and surgeons. They should not be confused with Medical Assistants, who perform routine clinical and clerical tasks. PAs are formally trained to provide diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health care services, as delegated by a physician. Working as members of the health care team, they take medical histories, examine and treat patients, order and interpret laboratory tests and X-rays and make diagnoses. They also treat minor injuries by suturing, splinting and casting. PAs record progress notes, instruct and counsel patients and order or carry out therapy.

  Education and licensure:

  Most applicants to PA educational programs already have a bachelor’s degree. Physician assistant education programs usually last at least two years and are full time. All jurisdictions require physician assistants to pass the Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination, administered by the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA). This examination is open only to graduates of accredited PA education programs.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Physician Assistant Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Podiatrist, GS-668*

  Job Summary:

  The human foot is a complex structure. It contains 26 bones — plus muscles, nerves, ligaments, and blood vessels — and is designed for balance and mobility. The 52 bones in the feet make up about one-fourth of all the bones in the human body. Podiatrists, also known as doctors of podiatric medicine (DPMs), diagnose and treat disorders, diseases and injuries of the foot and lower leg.

  Podiatrists treat corns, calluses, ingrown toenails, bunions, heel spurs and arch problems; ankle and foot injuries, deformities and infections; and foot complaints associated with diabetes and other diseases. To treat these problems, podiatrists prescribe drugs and physical therapy, set fractures and perform surgery. They also fit corrective shoe inserts called orthotics, design plaster casts and strappings to correct deformities and design custom-made shoes.

  Education and licensure:

  Podiatrists must be licensed, requiring three to four years of undergraduate education, the completion of a four-year podiatric college program and passing scores on national and state examinations.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Podiatrist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Practical Nurse (LPN), GS-620*

  Job Summary:

  Licensed practical nurses (LPNs), or licensed vocational nurses (LVNs), care for people who are sick, injured, convalescent or disabled under the direction of physicians and registered nurses. LPNs care for patients in many ways. Often, they provide basic bedside care. Many LPNs measure and record patients’ vital signs such as height, weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiration. They also prepare and give injections and enemas, monitor catheters, dress wounds and give alcohol rubs and massages. To help keep patients comfortable, they assist with bathing, dressing and personal hygiene, moving in bed, standing, and walking. They also might feed patients who need help eating. Experienced LPNs may supervise nursing assistants and aides.

  Education and licensure:

  A high school diploma or its equivalent is usually required for entry into state-approved practical nursing programs, although some programs accept candidates without a diploma, and some programs are part of a high school curriculum. The NCLEX-PN licensing exam is required in order to obtain licensure as an LPN. The exam is developed and administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Practical Nurse Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Psychiatrist **

  Job Summary:

  Psychiatrists are the primary caregivers in the area of mental health. They assess and treat mental illnesses through a combination of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, hospitalization and medication. Psychotherapy involves regular discussions with patients about their problems; the psychiatrist helps patients find solutions through changes in behavioral patterns, exploration of past experiences or group and family therapy sessions. Psychoanalysis involves long-term psychotherapy and counseling for patients. In many cases, medications are administered to correct chemical imbalances that cause emotional problems. Psychiatrists also may administer electroconvulsive therapy to patients who do not respond to, or who cannot take, medications.

  Education and licensure:

  Formal education and training requirements for Psychiatrists are among the most demanding of any occupation—4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and 3 to 8 years of internship and residency, depending on the specialty selected.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Psychiatrist Fact Sheet.
  Psychiatrist

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Psychologist, GS-180 **

  Job Summary:

  Psychologists study the human mind and human behavior. Research psychologists investigate the physical, cognitive, emotional or social aspects of human behavior. In the military, psychologists usually specialize in one of a number of different areas:

  Clinical psychologists — who constitute the largest specialty —most often work in counseling centers, independent or group practices, hospitals or clinics. They help mentally and emotionally distressed clients adjust to life and may assist medical and surgical patients in dealing with illnesses or injuries. Some clinical psychologists work in physical rehabilitation settings, treating patients with spinal cord injuries, chronic pain or illness, stroke, arthritis or neurological conditions. Others help people deal with personal crisis, such as divorce or death of a loved one.

   — who constitute the largest specialty —most often work in counseling centers, independent or group practices, hospitals or clinics. They help mentally and emotionally distressed clients adjust to life and may assist medical and surgical patients in dealing with illnesses or injuries. Some clinical psychologists work in physical rehabilitation settings, treating patients with spinal cord injuries, chronic pain or illness, stroke, arthritis or neurological conditions. Others help people deal with personal crisis, such as divorce or death of a loved one.

  Counseling psychologists use various techniques, including interviewing and testing, to advise people on how to deal with problems of everyday living, including career or work problems and problems faced in different stages of life. They work in settings such as university counseling centers, hospitals and individual or group practices.

   use various techniques, including interviewing and testing, to advise people on how to deal with problems of everyday living, including career or work problems and problems faced in different stages of life. They work in settings such as university counseling centers, hospitals and individual or group practices.

  Experimental or research psychologists work in university and private research centers and in business, nonprofit and governmental organizations. They study the behavior of both human beings and animals, such as rats, monkeys and pigeons. Prominent areas of study in experimental research include motivation, thought, attention, learning and memory, sensory and perceptual processes, effects of substance abuse and genetic and neurological factors affecting behavior.

   work in university and private research centers and in business, nonprofit and governmental organizations. They study the behavior of both human beings and animals, such as rats, monkeys and pigeons. Prominent areas of study in experimental research include motivation, thought, attention, learning and memory, sensory and perceptual processes, effects of substance abuse and genetic and neurological factors affecting behavior.

  Education and licensure:

  Some research positions require the minimum of a master’s degree. For clinical work, a doctoral degree is usually required. A doctoral degree generally requires five to seven years of graduate study, culminating in a dissertation based on original research. Many organizations also require an internship that is approved by the American Psychological Association (APA). Psychologists in independent practice or those who offer any type of patient care — including clinical, counseling and school psychologists — must meet certification or licensing requirements in all states and the District of Columbia.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Psychologist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Psychology Technician, GS-181*

  Job Summary:

  Psychology technicians provide technical, administrative and research support to psychologists or psychiatrists. They may perform tasks such as assisting psychologists in contacting clients to schedule testing and interviews and providing follow-up consultation. They may administer and score tests, tabulate data and prepare reports or presentations. Some also perform literature searches and general reference work in psychology.

  Education and licensure:

  Some positions require very little education or experience. However, others require successful completion of a full four-year course of study leading to a bachelor's degree with at least 24 semester hours in courses such as psychology, statistics or other directly related subjects.

  Source: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards

• Recreation/Creative Arts Therapist, GS-638

  Job Summary:

  Recreation therapists and creative arts therapists use recreation, art, dance, music or psychodrama in the treatment of physical, mental, emotional and social handicaps of individual patients, groups of patients and families. Employing the knowledge and understanding of physical and mental illness, psychology, and other appropriate physical, social, and biological sciences, these therapists plan and carry out treatment programs which are directed to achieve: (1) sensory integration; (2) ambulation; (3) diminishing emotional stress; (4) community reentry; (5) reality orientation; (6) muscular dysfunction reorientation; (7) treatment of psychosocial dysfunction; (8) providing a sense of achievement and progress; and (9) channeling energies into acceptable forms of behavior.

  Education and licensure:

  A bachelor’s degree with a major or concentration in therapeutic recreation is usually required for entry-level positions. Some states regulate recreational therapists but requirements vary.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Recreational Therapist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Rehabilitation Therapist*

  Job Summary:

  Rehabilitation therapists work with individuals recovering from a wide range of surgeries, injuries or illnesses. Trained rehab therapists in physical/occupational therapy and speech/language pathology work with patients to restore their best states as quickly as possible.

  Duties of rehabilitation therapists include such things as examining the patient’s medical history, diagnosing disorders, developing treatment plans tailored for each patient, treating individuals with mental, physical and developmental disabilities, assisting clients with basic motor functions and reasoning abilities, helping individuals achieve independence, modifying a client’s work place to suit their disability, testing a patients balance, coordination, muscle performance, motor function, respiration and strength, exercising patients who have been immobilized, massaging patients to improve circulation and relieve pain, using electrical stimulation, cold compresses and hot packs, working with other healthcare professionals (i.e. physicians, dentists and nurses), helping patients produce speech sounds clearly and diagnosing speech and language disorders.

  Education and licensure:

  A bachelor’s degree is the minimum entry-level requirement for any of the rehabilitation therapy professions. Licensure is also required to practice and must comply with the state requirements in which employment is located.

  Source: learn4good.com

• Rehabilitation Therapy Assistant, GS-636

  Job Summary:

  Rehabilitation therapy assistants are involved in treating, instructing or working with patients in carrying out therapeutic activities prescribed for their physical or mental rehabilitation. Rehabilitation therapy assistants work in such fields of therapy as occupational, physical, kinesiotherapy, manual arts and educational. The work requires an ability to apply a practical knowledge of therapeutic methods and techniques but does not require a full professional knowledge of the concepts, principles and practices of the specialized field of therapy.

  Therapy assistants are responsible for the comfort and well being of patients in their charge. They must ensure that patients are appropriately dressed for prescribed outdoor activities; observe safety precautions in the use of tools and equipment; prevent unauthorized absence; record attendance and patient participation in projects or activities; and report the reactions and responses of patients.

  Education and licensure:

  Applicants should have completed six months of general experience and six months of experience directly related to this occupation, or two years of education beyond high school with courses related to this occupation, or a combination of experience and education.

  Source: Office of Personnel Management, Qualification Standards
  Source: USAjobs.gov

• Respiratory Therapist, GS-651*

  Job Summary:

  Respiratory therapists and respiratory therapy technicians — also known as respiratory care practitioners — evaluate, treat and care for patients with breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders. Respiratory therapists evaluate and treat all types of patients, ranging from premature infants whose lungs are not fully developed to elderly people whose lungs are diseased. Respiratory therapists provide temporary relief to patients with chronic asthma or emphysema, and they give emergency care to patients who are victims of a heart attack, stroke, drowning, or shock.

  Education and licensure:

  Some positions require an associate’s degree in respiration therapy from an accredited program. Others will accept relevant work experience without a degree. Training is offered at the postsecondary level by colleges and universities, medical schools, vocational-technical institutes and the Armed Forces. Most programs award associate or bachelor’s degrees and prepare graduates for jobs as advanced respiratory therapists. A license is required to practice as a respiratory therapist, except in Alaska and Hawaii. Also, most employers require respiratory therapists to maintain a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Respiratory Therapist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition
  

• Social Services Assistant, GS-186*

  Job Summary:

  Social and human service assistants help social workers, health care workers and other professionals provide services to people. Social and human service assistant is a generic term for workers with a wide array of job titles, including human service worker, case management aide, social work assistant, community support worker, mental health aide, community outreach worker, life skills counselor or gerontology aide. They usually work under the direction of individuals from a variety of fields, such as nursing, psychiatry, psychology, rehabilitative or physical therapy or social work. The amount of responsibility and supervision they are given varies a great deal. Some have little direct supervision—they may run a group home, for example. Others work under close direction.

  Social and human service assistants provide services to clients to help them improve their quality of life. They assess clients’ needs, investigate their eligibility for benefits and services such as food stamps, Medicaid, or welfare and help to obtain them. They also arrange for transportation and escorts, if necessary, and provide emotional support. Social and human service assistants monitor and keep case records on clients and report progress to supervisors and case managers.

  Social and human service assistants play a variety of roles in a community. They may organize and lead group activities, assist clients in need of counseling or crisis intervention, or administer food banks or emergency fuel programs, for example. In halfway houses, group homes and government-supported housing programs, they assist adults who need supervision with personal hygiene and daily living skills. They review clients’ records, ensure that they take their medications, talk with family members and confer with medical personnel and other caregivers to provide insight into clients’ needs. Social and human service assistants also give emotional support and help clients become involved in community recreation programs and other activities.

  In psychiatric hospitals, rehabilitation programs and outpatient clinics, social and human service assistants work with psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and others to help clients master everyday living skills, communicate more effectively and live well with others. They support client’s participation in treatment plans, including individual or group counseling and occupational therapies.

  Education and licensure:

  While some positions require no specific education or experience, other positions may require a certificate or associate degree in subjects such as human services, gerontology or one of the social or behavioral sciences. Still, other jobs may require a bachelor’s or master’s degree in human services or a related field, such as counseling, rehabilitation or social work.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Social Services Assistant Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition
  

• Speech-language pathologists

  Job Summary:

  Speech-language pathologists, sometimes called speech therapists, work with people who cannot produce speech sounds or cannot produce them clearly; those with speech rhythm and fluency problems, such as stuttering; people with voice disorders, such as inappropriate pitch or harsh voice; those with problems understanding and producing language; those who wish to improve their communication skills by modifying an accent; and those with cognitive communication impairments, such as attention, memory and problem solving disorders. They also work with people who have swallowing difficulties.

  Speech-language pathologists develop an individualized plan of care, tailored to each patient’s needs. For individuals with little or no speech capability, speech-language pathologists may select augmentative or alternative communication methods, including automated devices and sign language, and teach their use. They teach patients how to make sounds, improve their voices or increase their oral or written language skills to communicate more effectively. They also teach individuals how to strengthen muscles or use compensatory strategies to swallow without choking or inhaling food or liquid.

  Education and licensure:

  Most speech-language pathologist jobs require a master’s degree. While graduation from an accredited program is not always required to become a speech-language pathologist, it may be helpful in obtaining a license or may be required to obtain a license in some states.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Speech Pathologist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Social Worker, GS-185 **

  Job Summary:

  Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people’s lives. Social workers help people cope with issues in their everyday lives, deal with relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Some social workers help clients with disabilities, life-threatening diseases or social problems, such as inadequate housing, unemployment or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families with serious domestic conflicts, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse. Some social workers conduct research, advocate for improved services, engage in systems design or are involved in planning or policy development. Many social workers specialize in serving a particular population or working in a specific setting.

  Education and licensure:

  A bachelor’s degree in social work (BSW) is most commonly required to qualify for social worker positions; however, majors in psychology, sociology and related fields may qualify for some entry-level jobs, especially in small community agencies. Although a bachelor’s degree is sufficient for entry into the field, an advanced degree has become the standard for many positions. A master’s degree in social work (MSW) is typically required for positions in health settings, including clinical work. All states and the District of Columbia have licensing, certification or registration requirements for practicing social work and using professional titles in this field. Most states require two years (3,000 hours) of supervised clinical experience for licensure of clinical social workers.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Social Worker Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition

• Therapeutic Radiologic Technologist, GS-648

  Job Summary:

  This position involves supervising or performing technical work subordinate to a radiotherapist and involves the operating ionizing radiation equipment and sealed radiation sources as part of a therapeutic treatment plan for patients. Some therapeutic radiologic technologists also operate diagnostic X-ray equipment. Operating this equipment is usually a stage in planning therapeutic treatment.

  Therapeutic radiologic technologists keep detailed records of their patients’ treatments. These records include information such as the dose of radiation used for each treatment, the total amount of radiation used to date, the area treated and the patient’s reactions. Radiation oncologists and dosimetrists review these records to ensure that the treatment plan is working, to monitor the amount of radiation exposure that the patient has received and to keep side effects to a minimum.

  Education and licensure:

  A bachelor’s degree, associate degree or certificate in radiation therapy is generally required. Many states also require radiation therapists to be licensed.

  Fact Sheet:

  For more information, click on the following link to a Radiation Therapist Fact Sheet.
  Click Here

  Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition